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中速柴油机正面临着激动人心的发展时期。世界范围内的排放法规成为大型柴油机开发计划的推动力。对于同样的基准柴油机,不同的应用类型和市场技术条件要求采用不同的成套技术,以满足新的排放法规要求。在某些情况下,内部减排措施将不得不全面采用并发挥相互协同作用,才能达到新的目标。而在另外的一些情况下,则不得不遵循新的途径,例如采用废气再循环、燃用代用燃料或排气后处理,以帮助实现对排放的控制。工作在约1000r/min下的大型柴油机处在中速机和高速大型柴油机的中间地带,它们的特点是适应多用途,例如机车、船舶和电站。本文从该种柴油机的市场分析入手,指出未来各种应用领域在废气排放法规方面提出的各自不同的要求。这就为接踵而来的各种减排技术提供了条件,并最终为试验性的排放达标途径组合方案的出现提供了可能。大量的单缸机试验是排放达标工作的主要内容。深入的分析工作、热动力循环计算、燃烧和燃油系统计算流体动力学(CFD)研究促成了试验计划的顺利进行。在翔实的单缸机试验结果的基础上,对多方面的减排手段进行了分析。多缸柴油机性能则以计算为基础进行预测。最终,对应于柴油机的应用类型,对各种废气排放达标途径组合进行了对比。
Medium-speed diesel engines are facing an exciting period of development. Emissions regulations worldwide are driving the development of large-scale diesel engines. For the same reference diesel engine, different types of applications and market conditions require a different set of technologies to meet the new emission regulations. In some cases, internal abatement measures will have to be fully adopted and synergistic in order to achieve the new goal. In other cases, however, new approaches have to be followed, such as using exhaust gas recirculation, fueling alternative fuels or exhaust after-treatment to help control emissions. Large diesel engines operating at about 1000 rpm are in the middle of medium-speed and high-speed large diesel engines and are characterized by versatility such as locomotives, ships and power stations. This article starts with the market analysis of this type of diesel engine and points out different requirements for exhaust gas regulations in various fields of application in the future. This provided the conditions for the various abatement technologies that followed, and eventually made possible the emergence of a pilot portfolio of emission-compliance approaches. A large number of single-cylinder test is the main content of emission standards. In-depth analysis, thermodynamic cycle calculations, and combustion and fuel system computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies contributed to the successful pilot program. Based on the detailed experimental results of single-cylinder engine, various measures of emission reduction were analyzed. Multi-cylinder diesel engine performance is calculated based on the forecast. Finally, corresponding to the type of diesel engine applications, a variety of exhaust emissions compliance pathways were compared.