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在世界大部分地区,历史学家在其职业生涯的大多数时间,都投身于方法论上的民族主义研究。与其他大多数社会科学家一样,他们假设在政治上组成国家的拥有自我认同的民族是历史研究的基本对象。~①据此,他们的主要任务就是叙述民族国家如何形成、发展以及如何与其他民族国家发生相互作用。即便那些在著作中有意跨越民族史边界的历史学家也在沿着相似的研究路线工作。比如,研究外交史的史学家利用民族档案来重建国家间的关系。研究移民史的史学家追踪新的民族是如
In most parts of the world, historians devoted themselves to methodological nationalist research most of the time in their careers. Like most other social scientists, they assume that the self-identified nationalities that make up the country politically are the basic objects of historical research. Accordingly, their main task is to describe how the nation-state formed and developed and how it interacted with other nation-states. Even historians who deliberately cross borders of national history in their writings are working along similar lines of research. For example, historians of diplomatic history use ethnic archives to rebuild relations between nations. Historians who study the history of immigrants are like tracking new peoples