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Presently, the full implementation of the negotiations and collaborations under the Paris Agreement faces new key problems and severe challenges. These problems and challenges include the following: how to honor the principle of“common but differentiated responsibilities”to facilitate a comprehensive, balanced, and effective implementation of the key elements of the Paris Agreement, such as adaptation, mitigation, fi-nance, technology, capacity building, and transparency;how to uphold and maintain the status of China and other emerging countries as developing countries in light of the requirements of the United Nations Frame-work Convention on Climate Change and the historical responsibilities of these countries;and how to assess the goal of limiting the global temperature increase to 1.5℃ and what constitutes an equitable carbon miti-gation pathway for different types of countries. Developed countries and developing countries have drasti-cally diverging views on carbon border adjustment measures for trade with developing countries proposed by several developed countries such as the European Union. Developed countries have demonstrated obvi-ous intentions and actions designed to weaken and neglect the principle of“common but differentiated re-sponsibilities”, to impose mitigation pressure on developing countries, to shift the responsibilities for emis-sions onto others, and to pass on the costs of mitigation. The maneuvering among different types of coun-tries and interest groups has become increasingly intense. In response, China must maintain its strategic fo-cus, adhere to the goals and principles established by the Paris Agreement, stick to its strategic positioning as a developing country, solidify strategic support from the developing world, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries. China played a conducive role in facilitating the Paris Agree-ment and has become an active participant, contributor, and leader in global climate governance. China must continue to follow Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and its conception of ecological civilization and the concept of building a community of common destiny, to ac-tively lead the cooperation process in the construction of a global climate governance system characterized by equity, justice, and win–win collaborations, and to promote compliance with the Paris Agreement. At the same time, China should accelerate the green, low-carbon, circular transformation of its economy; acceler-ate the coordinated governance of the economy, environment, and climate change;and formulate and imple-ment a long-term low-carbon development strategy. By the middle of the 21st century, while achieving the goal of building a great modern socialist country, China can also achieve a deep decarbonization develop-ment path that is in line with the goal of limiting the global temperature increase to well below 2 ℃ and pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5℃.