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1992年6月底,城乡居民结余购买力已达1.2万亿元(见《中国统计信息报》1992年9月14日),这引起了社会各方面的关注。笔者就结余购买力的负效应和住房商品化对结余购买力的引导谈谈拙见。 一 结余购买力是指居民在购买了实物和劳务后的货币余额。主要包括银行储蓄、股票、债务以及手持现金。在1.2万亿元结余购买力中,储蓄占81％,其余为各种债券和手持现金。对结余购买力的分析,储蓄占有特别重要的地位。在1.2万亿结余购买力中,银行存款为10441亿元,其中城镇居民储蓄存款为3445亿元,占33％;农村居民储蓄存款为2737亿元,占26％;城乡个体户储蓄存款为2932亿元,占28％;非居民储蓄存款为1327亿元,占13％。①从居民储蓄存款年底余额增长来看,从1978年的210.6亿元增加到目前的1万多亿元,增长了48倍,增额从1979年的70.4亿元增长到1991年的2076亿元。②可见不管从总量还是从增量来看,增长的幅度都是相当快的。居民的储蓄在如此短的时间内以如此快的速度递增关键是收入和支出的不同步增长。
By the end of June 1992, the purchasing power of surplus urban and rural residents reached 1.2 trillion yuan (see “China Statistical Information Newspaper” on September 14, 1992), which aroused the concern of all sectors of society. The author of the balance of purchasing power of the negative effects and commercialization of housing on the purchasing power of surplus talk about humble opinion. A balance of purchasing power refers to residents in the purchase of physical and labor balance of money. Mainly includes bank savings, stocks, debt and cash in hand. Of the 1.2 trillion yuan remaining purchasing power, savings account for 81% of the total, with the balance being various types of bonds and hand-held cash. Analysis of the purchasing power of surplus, saving occupies a particularly important position. Of the 1.2 trillion balance of purchasing power, bank deposits were 10.441 trillion yuan, of which, the savings deposits of urban residents stood at 344.5 billion yuan or 33%; that of rural residents stood at 273.7 billion yuan or 26%; that of urban and rural self-employed households was 293.2 billion yuan , Accounting for 28%; non-resident savings deposits of 132.7 billion yuan, accounting for 13%. ① From the growth of household savings deposits at the end of the year, from 48.0 billion yuan in 1978 to about 1 trillion yuan in the previous year, an increase of 48 times. The increase increased from 7.04 billion yuan in 1979 to 207.6 billion yuan in 1991 . ② Visible no matter from the total or from the incremental point of view, the growth rate is quite fast. The key to increasing residents’ savings at such a fast pace in such a short period of time is the unsynchronized increase in income and expenditure.