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We demonstrated a novel method to measure the unloaded quality factor (Q factor) of high-Q resonant cavities.This method was used to obtain data with low errors and calculate the unloaded Q factor.This procedure was more reliable than traditional methods.The data required for the method were near the resonant frequency,not at the half-power points of the reflection coefficient curve or Smith chart.We applied the new method to measure a resonant cavity with an unloaded Q factor of ~ 100,000,obtaining good agreement between the measured and theoretical results.