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获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Acquired Immunod-eficiency Syndrome-AIDS)临床上系指无明显原因的免疫缺陷患者发生机迂性感染及/或恶性肿瘤而言。其全貌大体可以淋巴结病综合征来概括,其特点有全身淋巴结肿大、发热、体重减轻以及一些非特异性症状。约40%病例转为所谓预后极为恶劣的爱滋病。自1981年首次报道以来,引起全世界的关注,国内虽尚无正式报告,但有关AIDS的资料不少,兹就近代国外文献综述如下: 业已证实,引起本病的传染原因是一种嗜淋巴细胞的人类逆转录病毒(HTLVⅡ),该病毒有较强的细胞致病作用,主要靶细胞是T_4(OKT_4)细胞。休外试验发现感染后数日内即可破坏靶细胞,干扰靶细胞的生长或识别功能,或干扰与此有关的分子生物合成,导致细胞免疫功能障碍。HTLV-Ⅲ亦可作用于B细胞。AIDS免疫功能异常的主要特点是T细胞数量减少、功能下降。表现为循环淋巴细胞总数减少,主要是辅助性T细胞(OKT_4)减少,抑制性T细胞(OKT_8)增加或正常,T_4∶T_8比值下降。此种改变仅反映免疫系统的功能与调节障碍的一个方面。
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) refers clinically to patients with unidentified immunodeficiency who develop opportunistic infections and / or malignancies. The general picture can be summarized in lymphadenopathy syndrome, which is characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss and some non-specific symptoms. About 40% of cases have turned into so-called AIDS with extremely poor prognosis. Since the first report in 1981, it has aroused the concern of the whole world. Although there is no formal report in China yet, there is a lot of information on AIDS. A summary of recent foreign literature is as follows: It has been confirmed that the cause of this disease is a lymphatic Cell human retrovirus (HTLVII), the virus has a strong cytopathic effect, the main target cells is T_4 (OKT_4) cells. Off-road tests found that within a few days after infection can destroy the target cells, interfere with the target cell growth or recognition, or interfere with the molecular biosynthesis, leading to cellular immune dysfunction. HTLV-Ⅲ can also be applied to B cells. The main features of AIDS immune dysfunction is the decrease of T cell number and the decrease of function. The results showed that the total number of circulating lymphocytes decreased, mainly the decrease of OKT_4, the increase or normal of inhibitory T cells (OKT_8), the decrease of T_4: T_8 ratio. Such changes reflect only one aspect of the immune system’s function and regulatory disorders.