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目的分析农村居民基本药物用药行为过程与障碍因素,提出促进农村居民合理使用基本药物的干预建议。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在山东省5个市抽取1 518户居民进行面访问卷调查,其中≥15岁农村居民为2 867人,以计划行为理论为框架,对数据进行描述统计分析。结果农村居民基本药物用药行为行为态度方面,95.9%对政策总体满意,但基本药物的价格(58.8%)、疗效(46.8%)、质量(58.9%)、品种(15.4%)与购药方便性(48.4%)不能满足部分农村居民的政策期望回报;主观规范方面,83.1%接受医生推荐的基本药物,92.3%能严格遵医嘱用药;知觉行为控制方面,93.1%用药知识缺乏,部分人群偏爱新药(12.4%)、贵药(15.0%)、进口药(24.8%)、联合用药(37.7%)与静脉输液(10.9%),其中46.3%用抗生素治疗感冒,39.3%常备抗生素做自我药疗。结论基本药物政策回报、供方处方行为与居民用药知识及用药习惯均对农村居民合理使用基本药物产生重要影响。
Objective To analyze the process and obstacles of drug use behaviors of rural residents and put forward some suggestions on how to promote the rational use of essential drugs by rural residents. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to survey 1 518 households in 5 cities in Shandong Province. Among them, there were 2 867 rural residents aged 15 and above. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the data were described and described analysis. As a result, 95.9% of the rural residents were generally satisfied with the policy. However, the prices of essential medicines (58.8%), efficacy (46.8%), quality (58.9%), variety (15.4% (48.4%) can not meet the expected return of some rural residents; subjective norms, 83.1% of the basic drugs recommended by doctors, 92.3% can be strictly prescribed by the doctor; 93.1% of awareness of behavioral control, the lack of knowledge of drug use, some people prefer new drugs (12.4%), expensive medicine (15.0%), imported medicine (24.8%), combination therapy (37.7%) and intravenous infusion (10.9%), of which 46.3% used antibiotics to treat colds and 39.3% used antibiotics as self-medication. Conclusion The return of essential medicines policy, prescription prescriptions by the suppliers and residents’ medication knowledge and medication habits all have a significant impact on the rational use of essential medicines by rural residents.