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青年马克思的道德哲学受到康德伦理学的强烈影响,但马克思自由概念的提出,使马克思实现了对康德的道德形而上学的真正超越。马克思的自由概念是一个具有现实历史性的范畴,而不是一个超验的形而上学范畴。自由自觉的活动使马克思在价值论的本体根据上扬弃了康德的纯粹实践理性,而在价值目标上超越了康德“人是目的”的道德理想。
The moral philosophy of Young Marx is strongly influenced by Kant’s ethics. However, the introduction of the concept of freedom by Marx has enabled Marx to truly surpass Kant’s moral metaphysics. Marx’s concept of freedom is a real historical category, not a transcendent metaphysical category. The free and conscientious activities led Marx to abandon Kant’s purely practical rationality based on the Ontology of Value Theory and surpass the moral ideal of Kant’s “Man as the Purpose” in the value goal.