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采用分别保存于长期库及中期库的3个小麦地方品种的6份材料,进行了9项农艺性状及35个与农艺性状相关的微卫星标记检测,每份材料选取30个单株进行遗传多样性与遗传结构分析。结果表明:(1)更新前,3个小麦地方品种均为遗传异质性群体,在SSR位点上的异质度分别为57.14%、48.57%和5.71%。(2)在农艺性状表现上,只有温泉小麦3在株高和穗粒数上更新后比更新前显著增加,其他材料无显著差异。(3)在SSR位点多态性表现上,3个品种在更新后均发生了遗传多样性变化,8个与粒重、产量、生育期性状相关位点存在等位位点丢失现象,其中2个与粒重、生育期相关位点频率变化显著。(4)综合农艺性状调查与SSR分子标记检测结果发现,3个品种更新前后在多样性指数上无显著差异,遗传分化系数Gst分别为0.0269、0.0324和0.0380,即更新前后遗传差异分别为2.69%、3.24%和3.80%。上述结果建议,经繁殖更新的小麦种质资源能够比较完好地保持其遗传多样性和遗传结构。对于遗传异质性小麦地方品种在繁殖更新后存在遗传多样性丢失的危险,为了保证更新前后的遗传完整性,建议在繁殖更新过程中每个品种至少应保持300个单株的群体。
Six agronomic traits and 35 microsatellite markers related to agronomic traits were tested using 6 materials from 3 wheat landraces, which were stored in long-term and medium-term stocks respectively. Genetic diversity Sexual and genetic structure analysis. The results showed that: (1) Before the update, all three wheat landraces were heterozygous in heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of SSR loci were 57.14%, 48.57% and 5.71% respectively. (2) In agronomic traits, only the spring wheat 3 increased significantly in plant height and grains per spike compared with that before the update, and no significant difference was observed in other materials. (3) The polymorphism of SSR loci showed that the genetic diversity of three cultivars were all changed after the update, and there were allelic loss in the eight loci related to grain weight, yield and growth period The frequency of the two sites related to grain weight and growth period changed significantly. (4) The results of comprehensive agronomic traits investigation and SSR molecular marker test showed that there was no significant difference in diversity index between the three cultivars before and after renewal. The genetic differentiation coefficients Gst were 0.0269, 0.0324 and 0.0380 respectively, that is, the genetic differences were 2.69% , 3.24% and 3.80% respectively. The above results suggest that the wheat germplasm resources that have been regenerated can maintain their genetic diversity and genetic structure relatively well. Genetic diversity Heterozygous landraces are at risk of loss of genetic diversity after breeding and regeneration. To ensure the genetic integrity before and after regeneration, it is advisable to keep at least 300 individuals per species during the breeding and regeneration process.