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为了探明稻鸭共作模式对稻田天敌群落的影响,设置稻鸭共作区、常规稻作区和空白区3个处理的田间小区试验,对早稻生长期间稻田主要捕食性天敌群落的结构及多样性特征进行了研究。结果表明:3个处理区主要捕食性天敌的优势种类均为园蛛科、微蛛科、狼蛛科和肖蛸科蜘蛛;稻鸭共作区中园蛛科、微蛛科和狼蛛科的优势度指数高于其他两个处理;在整个调查期间,常规稻作区、稻鸭共作区主要捕食性天敌的总数分别比空白区低1.7%和14.9%;除个别观测时段外,稻鸭共作区主要捕食性天敌的多样性指数均低于其他两个处理,但并不显著;多样性指数的减少以放鸭下田初期较为明显,随水稻的生长,多样性指数呈现持续上升的趋势。
In order to find out the effect of rice-duck co-cultivation on the natural enemy community in paddy field, the field trial of three treatments including rice-duck co-cultivation area, conventional rice cultivation area and blank area was set up. The structure of main predatory natural enemy community Diversity features were studied. The results showed that the predominant species of predatory natural enemies in the three treatment areas were all the spiders of the genus Arachnida, Miridae, Dominance index was higher than the other two treatments. During the whole survey period, the total number of predatory natural enemies in conventional rice-growing areas and rice-duck cooperative areas was 1.7% and 14.9% lower than that in blank areas respectively. Except for individual observation periods, The diversity indices of major predatory natural enemies in the duck-common areas were lower than those of the other two treatments, but not significantly. The decrease of diversity index was more pronounced in the initial stage of laying ducklings, and with the growth of rice, the diversity index continued to increase trend.