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一形象词话语中,词语常常非用其本义,其实际所指与本指之间有某种相似或相关关系,这是词语的形象使用。形象词都是转义词;词语转义源于其形象用法。汉语中最常见的形象表达有比喻、借代等。与此相应,西班牙语中有simil、metáfora(二者汉语概称为比喻)和sinécdoque,metonimia(二者汉语概称为借代)等。下面是唐松波、黄建霖主编的《汉语修辞格大词典》(中国国际广播出版社,1989)给比喻和借代的定义。
In a figurative discourse, words are often not used in their original meaning, and there is some similarity or correlation between the actual meaning and the meaning of this word. This is the use of the image of words. Image words are all escaping words; word escaping from its image usage. The most common expression in Chinese metaphor, metaphor and so on. Correspondingly, there are simil in Spanish, metáfora (both Chinese referred to as metaphor) and sinécdoque, metonimia (both of which are generally referred to as the Chinese borrowing) and so on. The following is the definition of metaphor and metonymy by the Chinese Dictionary of Rhetoric (edited by Tang Songbo and Huang Jianlin) (China International Broadcasting Press, 1989).