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马克思的主体性思想主要是通过对康德以来德国古典哲学中主体性范畴的批判过程中创立的,它立足于“新唯物主义”即历史唯物主义立场去理解和改造主体性范畴。马克思的主体性哲学把主客体看作是实践活动的历史生成;主客体的统一不单纯是真理的问题,而是人的自由和解放。同时,马克思的主体哲学坚持实践理性之路,因而马克思哲学的目的不仅是对世界作出正确的理解,更为主要的目的是变革现存的世界。由此,他探索人的自由的过程,也就是他的关于人的主体性思想不断发展完善的过程。
Marx’s subjectivity thought was mainly established through the critical process of the subjective category in Kant’s classical philosophy in Germany. It was based on the “new materialism”, that is, the historical materialist position to understand and reform subjective categories. Marx’s subjective philosophy regards subject and object as the historical formation of practical activities. The unification of subject and object is not only a matter of truth, but of human freedom and liberation. At the same time, Marx’s subject philosophy insists on the path of practical rationality. Therefore, the purpose of Marxist philosophy is not only to correctly understand the world, but also to change the existing world. Therefore, he explores the process of human freedom, that is, his process of continuously developing and perfecting human’s subjectivity.