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目的了解湖南省尘肺病地区及种类分布现状,为制定尘肺防治决策提供科学依据。方法将全省尘肺病例信息转换成Excel数据进行综合分析,分别统计地区、病种、死亡和现患合并结核等发病状况。结果至2008年底,全省尘肺病例居前三位的地区分别是衡阳(19.86%)、娄底(14.15%)、邵阳(9.56%);死亡病例居前三位的是衡阳(25.67%)、娄底(21.04%)、株洲(14.14%);病死率居前三位的是株洲(37.75%)、娄底(34.39%)、衡阳(29.90%);现患合并结核率居前三位的是衡阳(27.04%)、岳阳(26.99%)、湘潭(26.77%)。累计尘肺病例中,矽肺占44.10%、煤工尘肺40.40%、其余11种尘肺只占15.50%;尘肺死亡病例中,矽肺占55.65%、煤工尘肺占33.70%、其余11种尘肺占10.65%;现患尘肺病例中,煤工尘肺占42.41%、矽肺占40.63%、其余11种尘肺只占20.00%;尘肺现患合并结核中,矽肺占48.10%、煤工尘肺占38.42%、其余11种只占13.48%。结论重点抓好湖南省尘肺病高发地区的防治工作,可有效减低职业病发病率。
Objective To understand the current situation of pneumoconiosis area and its distribution in Hunan Province and to provide a scientific basis for the decision-making of pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment. Methods The case information of pneumoconiosis in the whole province was converted into Excel data for comprehensive analysis, and the incidence of tuberculosis and other morbidities in areas, diseases, deaths and current patients were respectively counted. Results By the end of 2008, the top three pneumoconiosis cases in the province were Hengyang (19.86%), Loudi (14.15%) and Shaoyang (9.56%) respectively. Hengyang (25.67%) was the top three deaths in Loudi (21.04%) and Zhuzhou (14.14%). The top three cases were Zhuzhou (37.75%), Loudi (34.39%) and Hengyang (29.90%). The top three most affected patients were Hengyang 27.04%), Yueyang (26.99%) and Xiangtan (26.77%). Accumulated pneumoconiosis cases, silicosis accounted for 44.10%, coal workers pneumoconiosis 40.40%, the remaining 11 kinds of pneumoconiosis accounted for only 15.50%; pneumoconiosis deaths, silicosis accounted for 55.65%, coal worker pneumoconiosis accounted for 33.70%, the remaining 11 kinds of pneumoconiosis accounted for 10.65%; Among the pneumoconiosis cases, 42.41% were coal workers ’pneumoconiosis, 40.63% were silicosis, and the remaining 11 pneumoconiosis accounts for only 20.00%. Among pneumoconiosis patients with tuberculosis, silicosis accounted for 48.10%, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis accounted for 38.42% and the rest 11 Accounting for 13.48%. Conclusion The focus of prevention and treatment work in areas with high incidence of pneumoconiosis in Hunan Province can effectively reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.