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灸剂,系以艾绒或加入其它药物制成的熏灼穴位或体表患部的一种外用药剂。灸剂是古老的中药剂型。由于疗效显著,使用方便,故深受病者欢迎。然而,在目前常用的灸剂中,有的含有砷类化合物,在临床使用时可产生三氧化二砷而造成砷毒污染,严重者可造成慢性中毒甚至急性中毒。务须引起有关方面的注意。一,室内污染:含砷灸剂主要是指原处方中含有雄黄的灸剂。雄黄主要含As_2S_2,中国药典(一九七七年版一部P578)规定其含量必须在90%以上。As_2S_2的性质稳定,口服吸收甚少,一般认为无毒。但As_2S_2能在高温下氧化成剧毒的As_2O_3,故在临床使用时大忌火煅。又由于As_2O_3极易升华(升华点193℃)可进入空间而造成空气污染。所以国家卫生部门对车间或工作场所空气中的As_2O_3最高允许含量早有明确规定。灸剂的作用需在点燃以后借以烟气熏蒸和热能幅射来发挥。而灸剂的燃烧又恰好为As_2S_2的氧化及其产物的升华提供了适宜的条
A moxibustion agent is an external agent that is made by moxa or adding other medicines to acupuncture points or to the affected part of the body surface. Moxibustion is an ancient Chinese medicine type. Because of its remarkable curative effect and convenient use, it is well received by patients. However, among the commonly used moxibustion agents, some contain arsenic compounds, which can produce arsenic trioxide during clinical use and cause arsenic poisoning. Severe cases can cause chronic poisoning and even acute poisoning. It must be brought to the attention of relevant parties. I. Indoor pollution: Arsenic-containing moxibustion mainly refers to the moxibustion agent containing realgar in the original prescription. Realgar mainly contains As_2S_2, and its content in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1977, Part 1 P578) must be above 90%. As_2S_2 is stable and has little oral absorption. It is generally considered non-toxic. However, As_2S_2 can be oxidized to highly toxic As_2O_3 at high temperatures. Also, As_2O_3 can easily sublimate (sublimation point 193°C) into the space and cause air pollution. Therefore, the national health department has already clearly defined the maximum allowable content of As_2O_3 in the air of a workshop or workplace. The role of the moxibustion needs to be played by flue gas fumigation and heat radiation after ignition. The combustion of the moxibustion provides a suitable bar for the oxidation of As 2 S 2 and its sublimation.