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目的了解郑州医学院校大学生的体格和膳食现状,提出改善意见。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取郑州两所医学院校学生414名,测量其身高体重,并用24小时回顾法让其记录自己3 d的膳食摄入情况。结果男生消瘦率低于女生(χ~2=5.566,P=0.018),而超重和肥胖率则高于女生(χ~2=4.132,P=0.042)。男女生水果、鱼虾和牛奶的摄入量均低于宝塔推荐量,膳食纤维和钙的摄入量均低于参考摄入量。男生的能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物的摄入量均高于女生(P<0.05)。3种宏量营养素的产热比例基本适宜。结论郑州医学院校大学生营养不良和能量过剩同时存在。调整膳食结构,增加水果、鱼虾和牛奶的摄入量。同时根据自己的体格发育状况,适当增加或减少能量的摄入水平,从而达到平衡膳食,合理营养的要求。
Objective To understand the physique and diet status of college students in Zhengzhou medical college and put forward suggestions for improvement. Methods A total of 414 students from two medical schools in Zhengzhou were sampled by cluster sampling method to measure the height and weight of the students. The 24-hour recall method was used to record their dietary intake for 3 days. Results The weight loss rate of boys was lower than that of girls (χ ~ 2 = 5.566, P = 0.018), while the rates of overweight and obesity were higher than those of girls (χ ~ 2 = 4.132, P = 0.042). The intakes of fruit, fish and shrimp and milk of boys and girls were lower than the pagoda recommended, and the intake of dietary fiber and calcium were lower than the reference intake. Boys had higher energy, protein and carbohydrate intake than girls (P <0.05). The three kinds of macronutrients heat ratio basically appropriate. Conclusion Malnutrition and excess energy of college students in Zhengzhou exist simultaneously. Adjust the diet to increase fruit, fish and milk intake. At the same time according to their own physical development, appropriate to increase or decrease the level of energy intake, so as to achieve balanced diet, reasonable nutrition requirements.