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急性胃肠炎是儿科中极为常见的疾病,仅次于感冒。它是泛指感染性病因不明确的临床疾患,患者的粪便稀薄或呈水样,每日次数增多,常伴有厌食、恶心、呕吐、腹痛和发热。病情可轻微,也可呈严重和出现衰竭。在美国,一般人群每年发病1～3次,而儿童发病率可更高。居住在发展中国家热带地区的儿童每年发病次数可达3～9次。在最近10～15年内,对新的肠道病原体,如轮状病毒、Norwalk样病毒、肠毒素性和侵袭性大肠杆菌、弯曲菌、难辨梭菌和耶尔森氏菌的认识有了显著进展。本文仅就有关这方面的进展在儿科领域中需注意的事项作一概述。流行病学
Acute gastroenteritis is a very common pediatric disease, second only to cold. It refers to the clinical cause of infectious diseases is not clear, the patient’s stool thin or watery, increased daily frequency, often accompanied by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever. The condition may be mild, but also serious and failure. In the United States, the general population 1 to 3 times a year, while the incidence of children can be higher. Children living in tropical regions of developing countries have an annual incidence of up to 3 to 9 times. In the last 10 to 15 years, there has been notable recognition of new enteric pathogens such as rotavirus, Norwalk-like virus, enterotoxigenic and invasive Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Clostridium difficile and Yersinia progress. This article provides an overview of issues to be noted in the pediatric field on progress in this area. Epidemiology