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目的比较甘肃省平凉市城区和农村小学生碘缺乏病相关知识知晓状况的差异,探索农村地区开展碘缺乏病健康教育的有效模式。方法用整群随机抽样方法调查平凉市部分城区和农村小学生,比较他们碘缺乏病知识知晓率;对小学生进行碘缺乏病相关知识的培训,培训后7天、2个月、4个月再分别用同一问卷进行调查,对比知晓率。结果培训前碘缺乏病相关知识总知晓率,城区小学生为83.3%,农村学生为66.9%,两者间差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.02,P<0.05);培训后7天城区和农村小学生碘缺乏病知识总知晓率均明显提高,其中城区学生为99.2%(χ2=7.53),农村学生为98.6%(χ2=11.06),两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);培训后7天(χ2=1.92)和培训后2个月(χ2=2.81)相比,城区和农村小学生碘缺乏病知识知晓率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);培训后4个月与培训后7天比较,农村小学生碘缺乏病相关知识知晓率下降明显,其中“能否说出一种含碘比较丰富的食品名称”一项知晓率下降最明显,为78.9%(χ2=8.99,P<0.05);城区和农村小学生碘缺乏病知识获取途径存在差异(χ2=11.33,P<0.05)。结论应重视定期对城区和农村小学生进行碘缺乏病知识的宣传教育,提高他们及其家长对碘缺乏病相关知识的认知程度并促使其行为的改变。
Objective To compare the knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders among urban and rural primary school students in Pingliang City of Gansu Province and to explore the effective mode of health education on iodine deficiency disorders in rural areas. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) in some urban areas and rural primary school students in Pingliang City. The students were trained on iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) for seven days, two months and four months after training Survey with the same questionnaire, compared with awareness. Results The total awareness rate of iodine deficiency disorders before training was 83.3% in urban areas and 66.9% in rural areas, with statistical significance (χ2 = 5.02, P <0.05). After 7 days of training, urban and rural primary school students The total awareness rate of iodine deficiency disorders were significantly increased, with 99.2% (χ2 = 7.53) of urban students and 98.6% of rural students (χ2 = 11.06), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) There were no significant differences in knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders between urban and rural primary school students (P> 0.05) after 7 days (χ2 = 1.92) and 2 months after training (χ2 = 2.81) After 7 days, the awareness of iodine deficiency disorders among rural primary school students decreased significantly, with the most obvious decrease being 78.9% (χ2 = 8.99 , P <0.05). There were differences in knowledge acquisition of iodine deficiency disorders between urban and rural primary school children (χ2 = 11.33, P <0.05). Conclusion It is important to regularly disseminate and educate pupils in urban and rural areas on knowledge about Iodine Deficiency Disorders so as to enhance their and their parents’ awareness of iodine deficiency disorders and their behaviors.