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近年来,钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT2)抑制剂作为一种研发中独具潜力的新兴糖尿病口服药已成为关注热点。SGLT2是一种低亲和力的葡萄糖转运蛋白,其特异性表达于肾脏近端小管,并在肾脏对葡萄糖的重吸收作用中扮演着重要角色。因而,特异性抑制SGLT2蛋白能够减少近端小管对葡萄糖的重吸收,促进尿葡萄糖排泄,降低糖尿病患者的血糖水平,并具有较低的低血糖风险和减轻体重等一系列潜在优势。尽管这类药物目前仍在试验中,但其治疗T2DM的效果被寄予厚望,未来有可能成为服用口服降糖药或注射胰岛素患者的辅助用药。目前部分研发中的前沿药物的临床Ⅲ期试验结果将得到的风险受益比率,将最终决定此类药物在未来糖尿病治疗中的地位。
In recent years, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor has become a hot spot as an emerging oral diabetic drug with potential. SGLT2 is a low-affinity glucose transporter that is specifically expressed in the proximal tubules of the kidney and plays an important role in the renal reabsorption of glucose. Thus, the specific inhibition of SGLT2 protein can reduce the proximal tubule reabsorption of glucose, urinary glucose excretion, reduce blood glucose in diabetic patients, and has a low risk of hypoglycemia and reduce weight and a series of potential advantages. Although these drugs are still being tested, the effect of treating T2DM is highly anticipated and may become an adjunct to taking oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin injections in the future. The risk benefit ratio that will be obtained from the clinical phase III trials of some of the leading drugs currently under development will ultimately determine the status of such drugs in future diabetes treatment.