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为延长牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)鲜切花的保鲜时间,利用聚乙烯醇、壳聚糖、柠檬酸、甘油、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、纳他霉素制成复合涂膜保鲜剂,在20~25℃及相对湿度68%~86%条件下采用高压电动喷涂工艺并结合紫外线照射技术处理‘洛阳红’牡丹切花,考察对切花品质及寿命的影响。结果表明:该方法可显著增强切花的弹性和坚韧性,较好地保持切花色泽,减少水分损失,同时抑制霉菌和酵母菌的增长。通过二次多项式逐步回归法建立各因素与瓶插寿命之间的数学方程,并得到最佳复合涂膜配方与紫外处理参数为:聚乙烯醇35 mg·mL-1,壳聚糖21 mg·mL-1,纳他霉素1.0 mg·mL-1,SDS 2.1 mg·mL-1,柠檬酸5.4 mg·mL-1,在紫外线强度为90μW·cm-2、波长为253.7 nm时处理20 min。本处理方法可使牡丹鲜切花的瓶插寿命保持12 d。
In order to prolong the preservation time of fresh cut flowers of Paeonia suffruticosa, a composite coating preservative was prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, citric acid, glycerol, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and natamycin, Under the conditions of 20 ~ 25 ℃ and relative humidity of 68% ~ 86%, the high-voltage electric spraying process and the UV irradiation technology were used to deal with the cut flower of ’Luoyanghong’ peony and the effects on the quality and longevity of the cut flower were investigated. The results show that this method can significantly enhance the elasticity and toughness of cut flowers, keep cut flower color and reduce water loss, and inhibit the growth of molds and yeasts. Through the quadratic polynomial step-by-step regression method, the mathematical equation between each factor and vase life was established, and the optimal composite coating formulation and UV treatment parameters were: polyvinyl alcohol 35 mg · mL-1, chitosan 21 mg · natamycin 1.0 mg · mL-1, SDS 2.1 mg · mL-1, and citric acid 5.4 mg · mL-1 at 25 ℃ for 20 min at a UV intensity of 90 μW · cm-2 . The treatment method can make peony cut flowers vase life 12 d.