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一个国家工业化的程度,可以从它的机器制造能力来断定,因为工业化的实际表现就是用机器大量生产。所以在一个工业国家中,制造机器的工人常占着很大的比重。总的来说,整个机器制造工业可以分为四大部分:铸造、锻压、加工、装配。其中,铸造最为重要,因为绝大多数机器都是先经过铸造而后制出机器原胚的。在机器铸造工业中,有很多生产过程能对工人发生危害,现在先把生产过程及卫生问题作一简单说明,然后提出几种职业病加以讨论。
The degree of industrialization in a country can be judged by its ability to manufacture machinery, since the actual manifestation of industrialization is the mass production by machines. Therefore, in an industrial country, the workers who make machines often account for a large proportion. Overall, the entire machinery manufacturing industry can be divided into four parts: casting, forging, machining, assembly. Among them, the casting is the most important, because the vast majority of machines are first cast and then made the machine embryo. In the machinery foundry industry, there are many production processes that can endanger the workers. Now, let’s give a brief account of the production process and health issues. Then, we will discuss several occupational diseases.