论文部分内容阅读
本项目从１９９２～１９９７ 年，以陕西关中地区近３０ 年来选育、推广的小麦品种、品系为材料，按照小麦品种田间比较试验的要求，对品种的品质性状、新品种的品质改良效果、品质性状的年际变化、品种品质分类等问题，进行了较为系统的研究。结果认为，关中地区选育和推广的小麦品种，容重较高，籽粒硬度适中或偏高，蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量较高，但沉淀值较低；多数品种的面团稳定性差，软化度较大。原因主要是Ｄ组染色体上缺少具有５＋ １０ 带的高分子量谷蛋白亚基。同一品种在同一地点不同年际间某些品质性状表现出较大差异。近年来育成的荔垦２ 号、陕优２２５、小偃６ 号、早优５０４、高优５０３、长武１３４、陕１６０、陕农７８０１ 等品种可以代表陕西关中地区优质小麦品种的品质水平，在全国也有一定的影响。但一些抗病、高产、早熟且推广面积较大的小麦新品种的品质水平有降低趋势。这一问题应引起育种工作者的高度重视。优质小麦生产是一项系统工程，除了遗传育种、栽培问题以外，粮食流通体制、检验标准、分收分贮、加工技术及食品制作等都会影响优质小麦在生产上的发展。
The project from 1992 to 1997, Shaanxi province Guanzhong region in the past 30 years, breeding, promotion of wheat varieties and lines as the material, according to the requirements of wheat varieties in field trials, the varieties of quality traits, new varieties of quality improvement, quality The interannual variation of traits and the quality classification of cultivars were systematically studied. The results showed that the wheat varieties bred and popularized in the Guanzhong area had higher bulk density, moderate or higher kernel hardness, higher protein content and wet gluten content, but lower sedimentation value; most of the dough varieties had poor stability and high degree of softening . The main reason is the absence of high molecular weight glutenin subunits with 5 + 10 bands on the D group chromosomes. The same variety in the same place in different years showed some quality traits are quite different. In recent years, cultivars such as Liken 2, Shanyou 225, Xiaoyan 6, Zaoyou 504, Gaoyou 503, Changwu 134, Shaan 160 and Shaannong 7801 can represent the quality of high quality wheat cultivars in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, In the country also have some influence. However, the quality of some new wheat varieties with disease-resistant, high-yielding, precocious and large-scale popularization tended to decrease. This issue should arouse great attention of breeding workers. High-quality wheat production is a systematic project. In addition to the problems of genetic breeding and cultivation, the system of grain circulation, inspection standards, storage and distribution, processing technology and food production all affect the development of high-quality wheat in production.