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一全民所有制企业实行财务自理,是社会主义国家建立了全民所有制经济以后,在对整个国民经济实行集中计划管理的情况下产生的一个特殊问题。它既不同于资本主义企业的自由经营,又区别于集体所有制企业的自负盈亏。它反映的是全民所有制内部作为履行行政领导职能的国家政权机构周作为从事生产流通活动的基层经济组织之间的经济关系。无产阶级夺取政权并建立起生产资料公有制以后,应该如何组织和管理社会经济活动,马克思主义创始人曾经作过一些设想。马克思、恩格斯认为,废除私有制建立公有制以后,社会生产将由自由经营变为社会统一领导,由生产的无政府状态变为社会有计划的调节,由个人管理变为社会管理。恩格斯在回答新的社会制度应当是怎样的这个问题时
The implementation of financial self-care by a people-owned enterprise is a special issue that arises under the condition that the socialist countries implement the centralized planning and management of the entire national economy after the establishment of an ownership-owned economy. It is different from the free management of capitalist enterprises and from the self-financing of collectively owned enterprises. It reflects the economic relations within the ownership of the whole people as the grass-roots economic organizations in the circulation of production and circulation as the state power agency that performs administrative leadership. After the proletariat seized power and established the public ownership of the means of production, how should the organization organize and manage the social and economic activities, the founders of Marxism made some assumptions. According to Marx and Engels, after the abolition of private ownership and the establishment of public ownership, social production will change from free management to unified social leadership and from anarchy of production to a planned adjustment by the society, from personal management to social management. Engels answered the question of what the new social system should be like