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我们以前的研究表明[1 ] ,心算加工年老化过程存在两个中介作用因子 ,可能分别与认知加工中的记忆成分和速度成分有关 ,而记忆成分中工作记忆的作用可能尤为重要 .在该研究基础上 ,本研究以 1 72名 2 0～ 79岁成人为被试 ,进一步探讨了工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中的作用 .结果表明 :(1 )工作记忆与年龄、工作记忆与心算难度、以及年龄、工作记忆和心算难度三因素间均存在明显的交互作用 ;(2 )工作记忆能力的高低对心算加工效率影响明显 ,高工作记忆能力组的心算效率约是低工作记忆能力组心算效率的 1 .32倍 ;(3)工作记忆对心算年老化的作用量约为 30 %～ 5 0 % .上述结果说明 ,工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中起重要作用 .
Our previous studies [1] showed that there are two mediating factors in the aging process of mental arithmetic, which may be related to the memory components and speed components in cognitive processing, respectively, and the role of working memory in memory components may be particularly important. On the basis of previous studies, we investigated the effects of working memory on the aging process of mental arithmetic processing in 72 adult subjects aged from 20 to 79. The results showed that: (1) working memory and age, working memory and mental arithmetic Difficulty, and age, working memory and mental arithmetic difficulty. (2) The level of working memory significantly affects the efficiency of mental arithmetic. The mental arithmetic efficiency of high working memory group is about low working memory group Mental arithmetic efficiency of 1.32 times; (3) working memory on mental aging effect of about 30% ~ 50%. The above results show that working memory in mental arithmetic processing aging plays an important role in the process.