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糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）发病机制复杂，相关危险因素众多。其与糖尿病病程、血糖、血压、血脂存在相关性，其中病程和高血糖是公认的主要危险因素。此外，遗传、性别、年龄、肥胖、妊娠、胰岛素使用等其他因素也可影响DR的发生发展，但其相关性研究尚无统一结论。全面了解影响DR的危险因素，可为DR的预防、诊治、干预提供新思路。“,”The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complex and there are many related risk factors. It is related to the course of diabetes, blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids, among which the course of disease and hyperglycemia are recognized main risk factors. In addition, other factors which include heredity, gender, age, obesity, pregnancy, insulin use, can also affect the occurrence and development of DR, but there is no unified conclusion about its correlation. A comprehensive understanding of the risk factors that affect DR can provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and intervention of DR.