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目的:了解嘉兴市居民健康素养水平,分析居民健康素养的主要影响因素,为城乡居民健康教育工作提供科学的依据。方法:分层多阶段随机抽样方法,对全市5个国家卫生市(区)4 000名非集体居住的15~69周岁城乡常住人口开展健康素养问卷调查。结果:嘉兴市居民健康素养为17.5%,其中基本健康知识和理念素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、基本技能素养等三个维度素养具备率分别为25.9%、20.3%和27.1%;以公共卫生问题为导向,从科学健康观素养、传染病防治素养、慢性病防治素养、安全与急救素养、基本医疗素养和健康信息素养6类健康问题评价我市居民健康素养水平分别为:46.0%、23.8%、9.8%、62.5%、14.2%和23.7%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示能够获取健康知识、城市、本地户籍、自身健康状况好的居民健康素养水平更高。结论:嘉兴市居民健康素养水平总体上不容乐观,城乡居民、文化程度、职业是居民健康素养最重要的影响因素,年龄、性别、户籍、健康状况不同程度地影响城乡居民健康素养。健康教育事业形式严峻,应积极开展健康知识的宣传活动,开展分层、分类的个性化健康教育,强化健康促进行动,不断提升健康素养水平。
Objective: To understand the level of health literacy of residents in Jiaxing, analyze the main influencing factors of residents’ health literacy, and provide a scientific basis for health education of urban and rural residents. Methods: A stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of health literacy among 4,000 non-collective residents living in urban and rural areas aged 15-69 years in 5 national health cities (districts). Results: The health literacy of residents in Jiaxing City was 17.5%. The literacy attainment rates of basic health knowledge and philosophy literacy, healthy life style and behavior literacy, basic skills literacy were 25.9%, 20.3% and 27.1% respectively. Public health Problem-oriented, health literacy from scientific outlook on health, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, safety and first aid literacy, basic medical literacy and health information literacy 6 health evaluation of residents in our city were: 46.0%, 23.8% , 9.8%, 62.5%, 14.2% and 23.7% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that people with good health status were better able to obtain health knowledge, urban and local household registration, and their health status was better. Conclusion: The level of health literacy of residents in Jiaxing City is generally not optimistic. Urban and rural residents, educational level and occupation are the most important factors affecting residents’ health literacy. Age, gender, household registration and health status affect the health literacy of urban and rural residents in varying degrees. The form of health education is very serious. Publicity of health knowledge should be actively carried out. Individualized health education stratified and classified should be carried out. Health promotion activities should be strengthened and the level of health literacy should be continuously improved.