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目的:比较两种缺损性骨折动物模型损伤量、愈合时间和愈合方式的差异,为探索建立新型缺损性骨折动物模型提供研究依据。方法:SPF级雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为正常组、锯开组和钻孔组3组,每组20只。正常组不做任何处理,其他两组动物经麻醉后,钻孔组用低速骨钻在胫骨平台下外侧钻约1mm的圆孔缺损,缺损应能达到骨髓腔,但不可钻通对侧皮质(此方法为钻孔法);锯开组用骨锯在胫骨平台下外侧锯约3mm左右的缺损,缺损应能达到骨髓腔(此方法为钻开法)。术后2周和4周两个时间点每组取10只动物,检测大鼠胫骨的骨密度、骨灰重、拍摄胫骨X线片并进行胫骨病理切片观察,检测术后2周时骨Ca、P含量。结果:造模后2周,钻孔组和锯开组的骨密度,骨灰重,骨Ca、P含量均明显低于正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。钻孔组和锯开组胫骨X线片可见骨折线模糊,病变端密度增高,骨痂形成。钻孔组和锯开组病理切片中均可见新生骨小梁形成。造模后4周时,钻孔组、锯开组与正常组相比骨密度、骨灰重无统计学差异(P>0.05),锯开组胫骨X线片中骨痂较钻孔组明显。钻孔组和锯开组动物胫骨病理切片示骨小梁粗大,并逐步融合成板状骨,锯开组动物骨痂处较钻孔组有较多炎性细胞浸润。结论:钻孔法和锯开法均可建立大鼠胫骨缺损性骨折模型,并且在损伤量接近的情况下,两种模型的愈合时间和方式相近。钻孔法操作相对简单规范,损伤量较易控制,并且较少出现炎性细胞浸润和骨不愈合。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in the amount of injury, the healing time and the healing methods in two animal models of defect, and to provide a research basis for exploring the establishment of a new animal model of defect. Methods: Sixty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, sawing group and drilling group, with 20 rats in each group. The normal group without any treatment, the other two groups of animals after anesthesia, drilling group with low-speed bone drilling in the lateral tibial plateau about 1mm round hole defect defect should be able to reach the marrow cavity, but not through the contralateral cortex ( This method for the drilling method); Saw group with a bone saw outside the tibial plateau saw about 3mm defect, the defect should be able to reach the marrow cavity (this method is drilling method). At 2 weeks and 2 weeks after operation, 10 animals in each group were taken to measure the bone mineral density and bone weight of the tibia in each group. The tibial radiographs were taken and the pathological sections of the tibia were observed. P content. Results: At 2 weeks after operation, the bone mineral density, bone weight, bone Ca and P contents in the drilling group and the sawing group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Drilling group and saw group open tibial X-ray visible fracture line fuzzy, increased density of lesions, callus formation. Bone trabecular bone formation was observed in both the drilling group and the sawing group. At 4 weeks after modeling, there was no significant difference in bone mineral density and bone weight between the drilling group and the sawing group (P> 0.05). The callus of the tibial radiographs in the sawing group was more obvious than that in the drilling group. Boring group and sawing group showed tibial trabecular thick, and gradually integrated into plate-shaped bone, sawing group animals callus than the drilling group has more inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: Both the drilling method and the sawing method can establish the model of tibial defect in rats, and the healing time and mode of the two models are similar when the amount of injury is close. Drilling method is relatively simple to regulate the operation, the amount of damage easier to control, and less inflammatory cell infiltration and nonunion.