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笔者1984年3月至1985年3月在美国康奈尔大学农学系土壤调查组进修并研究了一年,此期间曾到印第安纳州的普都大学、得克萨斯州的特克大学、犹他州立大学及俄纳岗州立大学作短期考察和访问,现将所了解到的美国土壤地理工作情况介绍如下.土壤地理是土壤学中一个古老的学科,或称经典学科,它主要包括土壤分类、土壤调查和制图等内容.美国的土壤调查始于上世纪末,但突出的进步是在本世纪四十年代以后.美国农业部将土壤局与水土保持局合并成土壤保持服务局,统一领导全国土壤调查工作,制定和统一了工作方法,使土壤系统分类工作取得了巨大进展.概括起来,美国的土壤地理工作有下列几个特色:
The author from March 1984 to March 1985 in Cornell University, Department of Agronomy soil survey and study for one year, during which time went to Indiana, Purdue University, Texas, University of Texas, Utah State University and Russian Oregon State University for short visits and interviews, and now we understand the situation of soil geography in the United States are described below. Soil geography is an ancient discipline in soil science, or classical disciplines, which include soil classification, soil investigation and Cartography, etc. The soil survey in the United States began at the end of the last century, but the remarkable progress was made after the 1940s. The USDA merged the Bureau of Soil and Soil and Water Conservation into the Soil Conservation Service to lead the nationwide soil survey. The development and harmonization of working methods has resulted in tremendous progress in the taxonomy of soil systems. In summary, the following are some of the features of soil geography in the United States: