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目的：探讨糖尿病与乙肝相关性肝癌的发生是否存在相关性。方法对武警总医院肝脏移植研究所2002年4月~2013年5月住院期间的1536例肝病患者进行回顾性分析，采用统计学单因素与多元逐步Logistic回归法进行相关性分析。结果1536例肝病患者中，良性肝病患者735例（47.9%），乙肝相关性肝癌患者801例（52.1%）。单因素分析显示糖尿病在乙肝相关性肝癌患者中的发病率（32.6%）明显高于良性肝病组（23.5%，P＜0.01）；COX回归多因素分析显示糖尿病（OR=1.425，P＜0.05）、HBsAg阳性（OR=3.44，P＜0.01）、年龄>50岁（OR=3.56，P＜0.01）、BMI ≥25（OR=3.59，P＜0.01）、CH≥3.38 mmol/L（OR=1.96，P＜0.05）、和AFP≥400ng/ml（OR=31.01，P＜0.01）是肝癌发生的独立风险因素。结论糖尿病可能是乙肝相关性肝癌发生的风险因素之一。“,”Objective To analyze whether diabetes mellitus (DM) is related to the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 1,536 liver disease caseswhich the patients were admitted at Organ Transplantation Institute of the General Hospital in between June 2002and May2013.The correlation between DM and HBV-related HCC was analysis with univariate analysis and COX multivariate regression analysis. Results Amongthe 1,536 patients with liver disease, there were 735 (47.9%) patients withbenign liver disease and 801 (52.1 %) patients with HBV-related HCC. On univariate analysis, the incidence of DM in HCC patients (32.6%) was higher than that in patients of benign liver disease (23.5%) (P=0.000). On COX multivariate regression analysis, DM(OR=1.425, P<0.05), HBsAg (OR=3.44,P50 years old (OR=3.56,P=0.000), body mass index (BMI) ≥25 (OR=3.59,P<0.01), cholesterol (CH) level H≥3.38 mmol/L (OR=1.96,P<0.05) and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level≥400 ng/mL (OR=31.01,P<0.01) were all significantly independent risk factor of the incidence of HCC. Conclusion DM may be a risk factor of the incidence of HBV-related HCC.