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关于尿毒症的发病机理,医学家和生物化学家进行了长期的研究,但进展十分缓慢。一百六十年前,首先提出了尿素毒性学说,后来又提出肌酐、胍类具有的毒性作用。本世纪七十年代初,中分子学说和矫枉失衡学说问世后,对尿毒症毒性物质和发病机理的认识又深入了一步;同时,对尿毒症治疗的革新与进展,也起到了较大的推动作用。本文将扼要介绍中分子学说和矫枉失衡学说的内容及其发展,并着重阐述这两个学说对肾脏病临床工作的关系和重要意义。
With regard to the pathogenesis of uremia, long-term studies have been conducted by medical scientists and biochemists, but the progress has been slow. One hundred and sixty years ago, the theory of urea toxicity was first proposed, and later the toxicity effects of creatinine and guanidine were also proposed. In the early 1970s, after the emergence of the theory of unbalanced neutralism and the theory of neutralization, the understanding of uremic toxic substances and their pathogenesis went one step further. At the same time, the innovation and progress in the treatment of uremia also played a larger role Promote the role. This article will briefly introduce the content and development of the theory of the middle molecular and the theory of overcoming imbalance and emphasize the relationship between the two theories and the clinical work of nephrology and its significance.