论文部分内容阅读
目的了解机乘人员作业场所噪声污染情况及噪声对机车乘务人员听力的影响,探讨不同车型不同驾龄等因素对噪声性听力损害的关系,为职业性噪声性职业病防控措施提供科学依据。方法 2015年1月至2016年6月对徐州机务段机车乘务室噪声水平及其机乘人员听力影响情况进行调查,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行处理,采用t、χ2检验进行分析。结果牵引机车乘务室噪声监测59台(内燃机车33台、电力机车26台),内燃机车和电力机车乘务室噪声强度各为(80.3±5.64)和(63.4±10.17)dB(A)(P<0.01);机车司机听力损失检出率为5.95%,其中内燃机车乘务员听力损失率高于电力机车乘务员(P<0.01),机车司机驾龄组别与听力损失率呈正相关(P<0.05);不同车型不同高频(3 000、4 000、6 000HZ)机车乘务员听力损失率比较均有显著差异性(P<0.01或<0.05),即内燃机车乘务员高频听力损失率均高于电力机车乘务员,且二者听力损失率在高频(4 000HZ)均高于高频(3 000、6 000 HZ);内燃机车乘务员听力损伤程度高于电力机车乘务员(P<0.01),均未出现重度听力损伤。结论噪声污染是损害司机听力主要因素,接触噪声强度越大、驾龄越长,听力损失率越高。
Objective To understand the impact of noise pollution on the occupant crew workplace noise and the noise impact on locomotive crew hearing, and to explore the relationship between different driving experience and other factors on noise-induced hearing impairment so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational noise occupational diseases. Methods From January 2015 to June 2016, the noise level of locomotive cab of Xuzhou Locomotive Depot and the hearing impact of its crew members were investigated. The data were processed by SPSS 13.0 statistical software and analyzed by t and χ2 test. Results There were 59 noise monitoring stations (33 diesel locomotives, 26 electric locomotives), and noise intensity (80.3 ± 5.64) and (63.4 ± 10.17) dB (A) for diesel locomotives and electric locomotive cabins (P < 0.01). The detection rate of locomotive driver hearing loss was 5.95%, and the audible loss rate of locomotive driver was higher than that of locomotive flight attendants (P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between locomotive driver’s driving experience group and hearing loss rate (P <0.05) The hearing loss rates of locomotive flight attendants with different high frequency (3 000, 4 000 and 6 000 Hz) models were significantly different (P <0.01 or <0.05), that is, the hearing loss rate of locomotive flight attendants was higher than that of locomotive flight attendants, And the hearing loss rate of the two locomotives was higher than that of the high frequency (3 000,6 000 HZ) at high frequencies (4 000 Hz). The degree of hearing impairment of diesel locomotive flight attendants was higher than that of locomotive flight attendants (P <0.01), and no severe hearing impairment . Conclusion Noise pollution is the main factor that damages the driver’s hearing. The greater the contact noise intensity is, the longer the driving experience is, the higher the hearing loss rate is.