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城市化是当代世界社会、经济发展过程中最显著的现象之一。自19世纪末以来,对城市化的研究一直未中断。本世纪70年代以来,由于各种社会理论的引进,更使城市化的研究呈现多样化的局面。根据研究的哲学和方法论基础的差异,西方国家对城市化的研究可分为以下三个方面:(1)以人文生态学、新古典经济学立场解释城市化的传统观点;(2)以马克思主义的政治经济学为基础的新马克思主义的透视;(3)以激进的发展经济学理论——世界体系论为基础的透视。以下简要评述这三种不同的理论体系。
Urbanization is one of the most notable phenomena in the social and economic development of the contemporary world. Since the late 19th century, the study of urbanization has been uninterrupted. Since the 1970s, due to the introduction of various social theories, the study of urbanization has also brought about a variety of situations. According to the difference of philosophical and methodological foundation of the study, the western countries’ research on urbanization can be divided into the following three aspects: (1) to explain the traditional viewpoints of urbanization from the standpoints of human ecology and neoclassical economics; (2) (3) a perspective based on radical theory of development economics - the theory of the world system. The following briefly reviews the three different theoretical systems.