论文部分内容阅读
回顾分析了近两个世纪来铁路长期保持垄断经营的两个主要原因,即铁路线路等基础设施的资产专用性所引起的投资沉没成本特性以及铁路企业之间合谋的必然性。归纳总结了各国铁路保持垄断经营的四种产业组织形式,即被保护的政府部门垄断、被补贴的国有企业垄断、政企不分的国有垄断和被管制的卡特尔。
This paper reviews the two main reasons why the railways maintain monopoly over the past two centuries, namely, the investment sunk cost caused by the asset specificity of infrastructure such as railway lines and the inevitability of collusion between railway enterprises. Summarize and summarize the four forms of industrial organization that the railroads keep monopolizing, that is, the monopoly of the government departments to be protected, the monopoly of subsidized state-owned enterprises, the state-owned monopoly of the state-owned enterprises and the controlled cartels.