造舰与育才——自强运动时期的福州船政

• 作 者: 李明洋 俞月圆
• 机 构: Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
• 出 处: 中国科学技术史（英文版）
• 发表日期: 2020年2期
• 关键词: Foochow Navy Yard Self-Strengthening Movement technology transfer technical educ

两次鸦片战争后,左宗棠于1866年创建福州船政,旨在掌握独立建造现代舰船的能力.船政雇佣了法国顾问、工程师、教师和工匠,并建立了一系列法文学堂,进行造船、绘图及学徒教育.前人研究已经几乎探清了福州船政的历史细节,但很少对船政的造船和教育水平给出准确的评估.本文追溯船政造船技术和教育制度的法国源头并进行比较研究,认为在洋人的指导和帮助下,福州船政已经具备组装舰船和仿制蒸汽机的能力,而设计图纸和重要的结构件仍需进口.船政所培养出最优秀的学生或许可以达到法国综合理工学校毕业生的水平,但优质生源难以为续.观念的落后以及资金和政策的支持不足,也是导致船政衰败的因素.“,”In 1866,after the Opium Wars,the Chinese official Zuo Zongtang established the Foochow Navy Yard,which aimed to facilitate the independent construction of modern warships.French advisers,engineers,teachers,and craftsmen were hired,and a series of French schools for naval construction,drawing,and apprenticeship were set up.Previous studies have nearly exhausted the historical material on the Foochow Navy Yard,but few of them give an exact evaluation on its shipbuilding and educational levels.This paper traces the French sources on the shipbuilding technology and educational system at the Foochow Navy Yard and conducts a comparative study.With the guidance and assistance of foreigners,the Foochow Navy Yard gained the ability to assemble ships and imitate engines,while it remained necessary to import design drawings and structural components.The most outstanding students that the navy yard nurtured may have reached the level of (E)cole Polytechnique graduates,but the quality of students was hard to maintain.The backwardness of its conceptualization and the lack of financial and political support also contributed to its decline.