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目的研究5岁以下儿童营养状况,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法选择1个城市监测点和1个农村监测点,每个监测点抽取5岁以下儿童600名及其母亲。调查内容包括儿童健康与膳食调查、母亲健康调查及家庭调查3部分。结果我省婴儿出生体重为3312±475g,低出生体重率为3.7%,农村高于城市;5岁以下儿童生长发育迟缓患病率为4.1%,农村高于城市(5.2%>3.1%);5岁以下儿童低体重患病率为2.3%,农村高于城市(2.5%>2.1%);儿童呼吸系统两周患病率城市高于农村(38.4%>34.8%),儿童腹泻两周患病率农村高于城市(12.0%>8.9%);农村点婴儿纯母乳喂养率要高于城市点(63.4%>55.8%);城乡2岁以下儿童辅食添加行为得到了明显改善;城乡儿童贫血患病率分别为11.2%和10.1%;城市点有14.6%的母亲体重过低,高于农村点11.5%;城乡母亲贫血患病率分别为14.6%和17.7%。结论农村儿童的营养健康状况低于城市儿童,这在一定程度上与其母亲的健康状况、受教育程度、看护时间和经济能力有关。
Objective To study the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age and provide basis for making relevant interventions. Methods One urban monitoring point and one rural monitoring point were selected. Each monitoring spot sampled 600 children under 5 years old and their mothers. The survey includes three parts: the children’s health and diet survey, the mother’s health survey and the household survey. Results The birth weight of infants in our province was 3312 ± 475g, the rate of low birth weight was 3.7%, and that in rural areas was higher than that in cities. The prevalence of stunting was 4.1% in children under 5 years old and 5.2%> 3.1% in rural areas. The prevalence of low birth weight was 2.3% in children under 5 years of age and in rural areas was higher than that of urban areas (2.5%> 2.1%). The two-week prevalence rate of respiratory system in children was higher in rural areas than in rural areas (38.4%> 34.8%), The rate of pure breastfeeding in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (63.4%> 55.8%); the supplementary feeding behavior of children under 2 years of age in urban and rural areas was significantly improved; children and urban children with anemia The prevalences were 11.2% and 10.1% respectively. The mothers with 14.6% of the urban areas were underweight, 11.5% higher than in rural areas. The prevalence rates of anemia in urban and rural mothers were 14.6% and 17.7% respectively. Conclusion The nutritional health status of rural children is lower than that of urban children, which is to some extent related to their mother’s health condition, education level, length of care and economic ability.