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随着恶性肿瘤筛查与诊断技术的进步和现代肿瘤治疗学的发展,越来越多的年轻女性被诊断为恶性肿瘤,而恶性肿瘤患者的生存率不断提高。当人们控制了肿瘤,生活质量成了一个主要关心的问题,包括有一个自己的孩子。肿瘤治疗所带来的远期副作用也越来越为人们重视,比如性腺功能衰竭。肿瘤综合治疗中对女性生育力的损害主要来自化疗和放疗,而目前生殖保护的措施主要包括药物保护和辅助生殖技术。药物保护措施的保护作用尚存在很多争议。辅助生殖技术目前使用较多的是胚胎的低温保存,但是,在我国由于年龄及婚姻状况的要求而使用受限。卵子的冷冻及卵巢组织冷冻后成功妊娠时有报道,但因为技术困难,还不能广泛应用于临床,其他很多的技术尚在动物试验阶段。就目前发展状况来看,还存在许多亟待解决的问题。
With advances in screening and diagnostic techniques for malignant tumors and the development of modern cancer therapies, more and more young women are diagnosed with malignant tumors, and the survival rate of patients with malignant tumors continues to increase. When people control tumors, quality of life becomes a major concern, including having a child of their own. The long-term side effects brought about by the treatment of cancer have also become more and more important, such as gonadal failure. The damage to female fertility in comprehensive cancer treatment mainly comes from chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the current measures of reproductive protection mainly include drug protection and assisted reproductive technology. There is still much controversy over the protective role of drug protection measures. The most commonly used assisted reproductive technology is cryopreservation of embryos, but it is restricted in our country due to age and marital status requirements. The freezing of eggs and the successful pregnancy of frozen ovarian tissue have been reported. However, due to technical difficulties, they cannot be widely used in clinical practice. Many other techniques are still in animal experiments. Judging from the current development situation, there are still many problems that need to be resolved.