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Kalina循环是一种广义的混合工质Rankine循环,对其热力学性能相比于传统Rankine循环的改进程度历来是研究的重点方向。文中综述了前人的评价准则,并提出新的评价方法和公平的比较基准,构建了氨–水混合工质的Rankine循环和Kalina循环,模拟并评价了2个循环,结果显示,Kalina循环比Rankine循环热功转化率高3.3个百分点,产功量高出19.5%,火用效率高出6.6个百分点。循环机制分析表明,由于动力子循环和吸收子循环的耦合作用,使得Kalina循环的透平背压更低,与冷凝水的温度匹配更好,温度和浓度得到更合理的梯级利用,系统热力学完善度更高。文中揭示了Kalina循环与Rankine循环的关键差异以及Kalina循环机制,可作为中低温余热动力循环的设计参考。
The Kalina cycle is a generalized Rankine cycle with mixed working fluids. It has always been the focus of the study that its thermodynamic performance is improved compared to the traditional Rankine cycle. In this paper, the previous evaluation criteria are summarized, and new evaluation methods and fair comparison criteria are proposed. Rankine cycle and Kalina cycle of ammonia-water mixture are constructed. Two cycles are simulated and evaluated. The results show that the Kalina cycle ratio Rankine cycle thermal power conversion rate of 3.3 percentage points higher than the output of 19.5%, fire efficiency higher than 6.6 percentage points. The analysis of the circulation mechanism shows that due to the coupling between the power sub-circulation and the absorption sub-circulation, the turbine back pressure of the Kalina cycle is lower, the temperature of the condensate water is better matched, the temperature and the concentration are more reasonably cascaded, and the system thermodynamics is perfect Degree is higher. The paper reveals the key differences between Kalina cycle and Rankine cycle as well as the Kalina cycle mechanism, which can be used as reference for the design of the power cycle of low temperature residual heat.