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随着农药工业的发展,杀虫剂种类不断增加,但目前生产上应用的主要品种为有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,新类型的药剂除少数品种外还没有大量使用。有机磷杀虫剂是一类含磷的有机合成杀虫剂,1936年前后发现了它的生物活性,第二次世界大战后迅速发展,受到各国的广泛重视。有机磷制剂品种繁多,性能千差万别,特点是对害虫毒力强,药效高,有些品种杀虫剂范围很广,具有广谱性;有些品种杀虫范围很窄,具有选择性;有些品种易于分解,残效期很短,适于在果树、蔬菜上使用;有些品种残效期很长,适于防治地下害虫;有些品种具有内吸或渗透作用,使用方便又不易伤害天敌。有机磷杀虫剂的主要缺点是:有些常用品种属剧毒药剂,容易造成人、畜急性中毒,绝大多数品种容易分解失效。
With the development of pesticide industry, the types of insecticides are increasing. However, the main varieties currently used in production are organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. There is not a large amount of new types of medicaments except for a few varieties use. Organophosphorus insecticide is a class of phosphorus-containing organic synthetic insecticides, its biological activity was discovered around 1936, it developed rapidly after the Second World War, and was widely valued by all countries. Organophosphorus formulations have a wide range of properties and perform vastly different properties. They are characterized by strong toxicity to pests, high efficacy, and a wide range of insecticides in some varieties with a broad spectrum; some species have a narrow insecticidal range and selectivity; others are easy Decomposition, short residual period, suitable for use on fruit trees, vegetables; some varieties of residual period is very long, suitable for the prevention and control of underground pests; some species have internal absorption or infiltration, easy to use and not easy to harm natural enemies. The main disadvantage of organophosphorus insecticide is that some commonly used species are highly toxic agents that can easily cause acute poisoning to humans and animals, and the vast majority of species are easily decomposed and ineffective.