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收集西南地区63站的气象资料、玉米生育期等资料,以水分供需关系为基础,构建玉米干旱指数(HI指数),反演1961-2010年各站的逐旬干旱,研究西南地区玉米干旱频率和干旱强度的时空分布特征.结果表明,近50年西南地区各地均有干旱发生,云南中部、东部和四川盆地中部、西部干旱频率在20%以上;云南中部及东北部的干旱强度明显比其余各地大.玉米出苗至拔节期干旱频率最高,特别是云南省中部和东北部的干旱频率达到40%~50%;拔节至抽雄期,轻旱、中旱、重旱均发生较少;抽雄至灌浆期干旱频率最低,但贵州局部地区重旱频率达到7%~9%;灌浆至成熟期,大部地区干旱频率10%~20%,其中重庆西部、四川盆地中部、东北部和贵州东部、云南东南部重旱频率约4.5%.
Based on the data of moisture supply and demand of 63 stations in Southwest China, the drought index (HI index) of maize was constructed and the Drought of each station in 1961-2010 was inverted to study the drought frequency of maize in Southwest China And the intensity of drought were studied.The results showed that drought occurred in all parts of southwest China in recent 50 years and the drought frequency was above 20% in central and eastern Yunnan and the central and western parts of Sichuan Basin. The drought intensity in central and northeastern Yunnan was significantly higher than the rest The frequency of maize emergence was the highest at jointing stage, especially the frequency of drought in central and northeastern Yunnan reached 40% -50%. The incidence of drought was moderate at the stage of jointing to tasseling, The drought frequency in the filling stage is the lowest, but the frequency of severe drought in some areas of Guizhou reaches 7% ~ 9%. In the period of filling to maturity, the drought frequency is 10% ~ 20% in most parts of China, including the central part of Chongqing, the northeast of Sichuan and the eastern part of Guizhou, Southeast Yunnan drought frequency of about 4.5%.