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现代性的基础,是个体独立于潮流之外进行思考的勇气和习惯。潮流是社会体制的建构者所希望引领的人类发展的方向。为了达成这一目的,社会体制的建构者们制造出一套话语,期望或强制他们所引领的人们相信。问题的复杂性在于,体制是多重甚至无处不在的。任何一个目的,都会构成一种或大或小的体制。现代性本身就是一种体制,尽管这是一种鼓励人们重思体制的体制。重重体制的束缚,让我们的独立思考变得难上加难。即使我们对于构成每一种体制的话语所包含的特殊修辞力量变得
The basis of modernity is the individual’s courage and habit of thinking independently of the trend. The trend is the direction of human development that the constructors of the social system want to lead. To this end, the builders of social institutions create a discourse that expects or forces the people they lead to believe in. The complexity of the problem is that the system is multiple and even ubiquitous. Any one purpose, will constitute a system of larger or smaller. Modernity itself is a system, though it is a system that encourages people to reconsider the system. The heavy system of restraint, so that our independent thinking becomes even harder. Even if the power of the special rhetoric contained in our discourse that constitutes each system becomes