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一、《一件小事》 (一)本文的写作时间和发表的刊物以哪种说法为是? 本文的写作时间,作者在篇末写的是1920年7月。很多人就认为这是本文的写作日期。关于发表的刊物,有的说是发表在《晨报副刊》上,有的说是发表在《<晨报>创刊纪念增刊》上。 经查阅“五四”时期主要报刊的目录,本文是发表在1919年12月1日的《<晨报>周年纪念增刊》(劳动专号)上。因而本文的写作时间最晚也在1919年12月以前。从《鲁迅日记》的有关记载来看,1919年11月中,下旬,他和《晨报》都有函件来往,可能是有关本文的。文末写的日期,当是在编入《呐喊》小说集时,作者补记时错记了。 (二)为什么不宜把作品中的“我”与鲁迅完全等同起来? 在小说创作中,用第一人称“我”作为主人公或作为展开情节的线索,是常见的方法。用第一人称或用第三人称主要根据主题和题材的需要,如鲁迅小说集《故事新编》,因为写的是历史题材,没有一篇用第一人称。如《呐喊》、《傍徨》两部小说集中,25篇作品中用第一人称写的就有11篇。 用第一人称写的小说不能完全当真人真事看待。分析《一件小事》这篇作品时,不能把“我”和鲁迅等同起来。一是鲁迅当时的思想境界大大超过了
First, “a small matter” (A) This article’s writing time and publication of the publication in what kind of statement is? The writing time of this article, the author wrote in the end of the article is July 1920. Many people think this is the date of writing this article. Regarding the publications published, some of them were published in the “Morning News Supplement,” and some of them were published in the “Morning Papers” Commemorative Supplement. After reading the list of major newspapers and periodicals during the May 4th Movement, this article was published on the “Morning News” Anniversary Supplement (Labor Special Issue) on December 1, 1919. Therefore, the writing time of this article was the latest before December 1919. Judging from the relevant records of “Lu Xun Diary”, in mid-late and late November 1919, he and the “Morning Paper” had correspondence, which may be related to this article. The date written at the end of the text was mistakenly written by the author when he wrote it into the collection of “Shouting” stories. (2) Why is it not appropriate to completely equate the “I” in the works with Lu Xun? In the creation of novels, using the first person “I” as the protagonist or as a clue to the plot is a common method. The use of first-person or third-person is mainly based on the needs of themes and themes, such as Lu Xun’s novel “Story New”, because the history is written, and no one uses the first person. For example, the two novels of “Shout” and “Yao” are concentrated. There are 11 articles written in the first person in 25 works. Novels written in the first person cannot be completely treated as real people. When analyzing the piece of “a small thing”, we cannot equate “I” with Lu Xun. First, Lu Xun’s ideological realm at that time greatly exceeded