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Compounds with dual action on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) may be a treatment option for erectile dysfunction,as they not only promote penile erection but also prevent the upregulation of phosphodiesterase-5.In this study,we examined the possible relaxant effect and mechanism of 17-nor-subincanadine E (SEC,0.2-200 μmoll-1),a plant-derived alkaloid,in rabbit corpus cavernosum (RbCC) strips that had been precontracted by exposure to phenylephrine (10μmoll-1) or a high concentration of K+ ([60]mmoll-1) in vitro.In addition to SEC\'s effect on cAMP and cGMP levels,electrical field stimulation (EFS) in phenylephrine-precontracted RbCC and calcium chloride (1-100 mmoll-1)evoked responses in depolarized RbCC were analysed.SEC relaxed the phenylephrine-precontracted RbCCs in a concentration-dependent manner.Atropine,guanethidine and 11tiw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) did not have any effect on the relaxation of RBCCs.When 1H-1,2.4oxadiazole[4,3-a] quinoxalin-l-one (ODQ) was added,it effectively blocked the relaxant response of SEC.Although SEC enhanced the maximal relaxation produced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and forskolin in phenylephrine-precontracted cavernosal smooth muscle,it caused a decrease in the maximal contractile response induced by calcium chloride in depolarized RbCCs.The relaxant effect of SEC was paralleled by an increase in the tissue levels of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP.We conclude that SEC promotes the relaxation of RbCC,possibly favouring cAMP and cGMP accumulation and calcium blockade.This novel mechanism could be useful for patients who do not benefit from phosphodiesterase inhibitors and for those with endothelial and nitrergic dysfunction,such as patients with diabetes,hypertension and dyslipidaemias.