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Objective: To study the 4977-bp deletion of mitochondiral DNA in lung cancer, adjacent normal tissue and health lung and its significance in the development of cancer. Methods: Thirty-seven matched lung cancer/adjacent histologically normal and 20 true normal lung tissue samples from patients without lung cancer were analyzed by long PCR technique. Results: Mitochondrial DNA 4977-bp deletion was detected in 54. 1% (20/37) of lung cancers, 59.5% (22/37) of adjacent normal and 30.0% (6/30) oftrue normal lung tissues. The correlation of 4977-bp deletion with age and smoking factors was present in our data. Conclusion: Mitochondrial DNA 4977-bp deletion is not specific to lung cancer and unlikely to play an important role in carcinogenesis, and may only reflect the environmental and genetic influences during tumor progression.