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2000年5月至2003年7月,由博斯腾湖向塔里木河下游实施了5次应急输水,大西海子水库累计输水量达13. 79亿m3。开展应急输水的地表水、地下水、土壤水与大气水的四水转化研究,可以为评价输水的水文效应、生态效应及选择适当的输水方案提供依据。根据输水过程中有关水文要素的监测资料,分析了地下水、土壤水的变化,在水量平衡分析的基础上开展了“四水”转化的研究。分析表明,随着河道输水的进行,河道两侧地下水水位上升、土壤含水量增加,同时存在不同程度的滞后;在已经完成的输水过程中,大约有50%的水量用于补给地下水与土壤水,其余的50%消耗于植被蒸腾、水面蒸发与土面蒸发;在大西海子年下泄水量3. 5亿m3 的条件下,塔里木河下游地下水位将逐步稳定在埋深5~6m,恢复与维持的植被面积也将趋于稳定。
From May 2000 to July 2003, five emergency water deliveries were carried out by the Bosten Lake to the lower reaches of the Tarim River, and the total water conveyance of the Daxihaizi Reservoir reached 1.379 billion m3. Carrying out the research on four water conversions of surface water, groundwater, soil water and atmosphere water for emergency water conveyance can provide the basis for evaluating the hydrological effect, ecological effect and selecting proper water conveyance scheme of water conveyance. According to the monitoring data of hydrological elements in the process of water conveyance, the changes of groundwater and soil water are analyzed. Based on the analysis of water balance, the research of “four water” transformation is carried out. The analysis shows that with the water conveyance in the river channel, the groundwater level on both sides of the river channel increases and the soil water content increases, meanwhile there are some lags behind; about 50% of the water has been used to supply groundwater and water The remaining 50% is consumed by vegetation transpiration, water surface evaporation and soil surface evaporation. Under the condition of 105 million m3 under Daxihaizi year, groundwater level in the lower reaches of Tarim River will gradually stabilize at a depth of 5 ~ 6m and recovery The area of vegetation that will be maintained will also stabilize.