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在过去半个世纪里,植物常规育种技术的发展导致了作物产量的巨增。但是,若与细胞生物学、分子生物学及组织培养等新技术相比,传统育种技术则显得费时并易受植物性亲和性及缺乏某些有用特性所限。在过去10年里,一些有远见的化学品公司投资了100多亿美元购买种子公司,或开展种子研究,或与种子公司合作经营。Sandoz、British petroleum、Sanofi及ICI等公司都象化学品巨子Monsanto公司那样,对植物育种特别是遗传工程的投资很有兴趣。生物技术涉及一系列相互关联的专业领域。尽管遗传工程师们开展植物工作比细菌工怍难得多(因为植物细胞壁是坚固的纤维质壁,而细菌细胞
The development of conventional plant breeding techniques has led to a dramatic increase in crop yields over the past half century. However, traditional breeding techniques appear to be time-consuming and susceptible to phyto-affinities and lack of certain useful traits when compared to newer technologies such as cell biology, molecular biology and tissue culture. In the past decade, some far-sighted chemical companies have invested more than $ 10 billion in seed companies, seed research, or joint ventures with seed companies. Companies such as Sandoz, British petroleum, Sanofi, and ICI, like chemical giant Monsanto, are interested in plant breeding, especially in genetic engineering. Biotechnology involves a series of interrelated areas of specialization. Although genetic engineers perform plant work much harder than bacteria (because plant cell walls are strong fibrous walls, bacterial cells