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利益概念是西方政治哲学的基础概念。从马基雅维利到边沁三百多年间,利益概念在两条基本线索上承担着启蒙作用。在人性论上,它意味着特定外部条件下具体个人的各种欲望的相互制衡;在方法论上,它所提倡的现实主义使政治学脱离了道德学说。斯密的效用概念和边沁的功利概念分别在外在和内在可能性方面,削弱了利益概念在人性和方法上的基础性作用。追溯利益概念在西方知识史上的基础作用,有利于摆脱唯理论的影响,恢复利益概念在方法论上所具有的启蒙意义。
The concept of interest is the basic concept of western political philosophy. From Machiavelli to Bentham three hundred years, the concept of interest in two basic clues assume the enlightenment. In the theory of human nature, it implies the checks and balances of various individual desires under certain external conditions; in methodology, the realism it advocates has made politics divorced from moral doctrine. The concept of utility and the utilitarian concept of Bentham, respectively, weaken the fundamental role of the concept of interest in humanity and method, both in terms of externalities and inherent possibilities. Trace the concept of interest in the history of Western knowledge, the foundation of the role, is conducive to get rid of the influence of rationalism, restore the concept of interest in methodological enlightenment.