论文部分内容阅读
一、文艺批评标准由文艺本质观及文艺功能观决定。文艺批评标准是由文艺本质观及文艺功能观决定的。有什么样的文艺本质观及文艺功能观,就有什么样的批评标准。儒家提倡“诗言志”和“文以载道”,着重文艺的教化功能,所以其批评标准是善,“思无邪”。魏晋时代提倡“诗缘情”,认为文艺不是代圣人立言,而是吟咏情性的,所以提出“诗赋欲丽”这个重形式美的标准。西方古代强调文艺是模仿、再现,所以批评标准着重符合客观真实。到了浪漫主义时期,认为文艺是“表现”,表现自我;抒发情感,批评标准便是情感的真实。我国现代长期以来认为文艺从属于政治,为政治服务,所以文艺批评标准是政治标准第一、艺术标准第二。这与我国古代文艺批评标准是一脉相承的。二、政治标准第一、艺术标准第二的提法是不科学的。
First, the standard of literary criticism is determined by the concept of literary and art essence and the concept of literary and artistic functions. Criticism of literary and artistic criticism is determined by the concept of literary and artistic features and the concept of literary functions. What kind of literary concept of nature and the concept of literary function, there is what kind of criticism. Confucianism advocated “poetic dialect” and “text to contain”, focusing on the art of enlightenment function, so the criticism of the standard is good, “thinking innocent.” The Wei and Jin dynasties advocated “poem sentiment”, that literature and art is not on the ritual of righteousness, but rather chant sentiment, so put forward the “beauty of poetry and beauty” this heavy form of beauty standards. Ancient Western emphasis on literature and art is imitation, reproduction, so critically accords with the objective reality. To romanticism, that literature and art is “performance”, self-expression; to express feelings, criticism is the real emotional. For a long time in our country, modern literature thought literature and art are subordinate to politics and serve for politics. Therefore, the standard of literary criticism is political standard first and artistic standard second. This is the same as China’s ancient literary criticism standards. Second, the political standards First, the second standard of art is not scientific.