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目的研究孕妇烟草暴露对其子女肺功能和喘息、下呼吸道感染疾病发生概率的影响。方法选择2006-01-01至2007-01-01在中山市博爱医院产科出生的新生儿共180例,分为2组。其中母亲孕期有吸烟和(或)被动吸烟史的暴露组90例,并按烟草暴露量分成5层:1～4支/d(16例),5～9支/d(20例),10～15支/d(26例),16～20支/d(14例),>20支/d(14例)。母亲孕期无烟草暴露的对照组90例,对两组新生儿进行肺功能检测并追踪3年,分别在1、2、3岁时复测肺功能,记录生后至3岁发生喘息性疾病及下呼吸道感染疾病的次数,进行统计学分析。结果母亲孕期烟草暴露量低于15支/d的新生儿及生后3年的肺功能指标与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),烟草暴露量在16～20支/d孕妇的子女在新生儿期及生后1岁、2岁肺潮气量与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P>0.05),达峰时间比较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。母亲孕期烟草暴露量20支/d以上的婴幼儿在生后3年内喘息性疾病发作次数及发生下呼吸道感染次数远远高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论孕期烟草暴露对子代肺功能有负面影响,主要影响小气道功能,并可导致生后喘息性疾病及下呼吸道感染发病率的升高。
Objective To study the effect of pregnant women exposure to tobacco on their children’s lung function and wheeze, the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection. Methods A total of 180 neonates born in the obstetrics department of Pok Oi Hospital of Zhongshan City from January 2006 to January 2007 were selected and divided into two groups. Among them, 90 mothers with exposure history of smoking and / or passive smoking during pregnancy were divided into five layers according to their exposure to tobacco: 1 ~ 4 / d in 16 cases, 5 ~ 9 / d in 20 cases, ~ 15 / d (26 cases), 16 ~ 20 cases / d (14 cases) and> 20 cases / d (14 cases). 90 pregnant women without tobacco exposure control group, two groups of newborns for lung function testing and follow-up for 3 years, respectively, at 1, 2 and 3 years of age to retest lung function, recorded after birth to 3 years old wheezing disease and Lower respiratory tract infection frequency, statistical analysis. Results There was no significant difference in lung function index between the newborns with less than 15 cigarettes per day during pregnancy and 3 years after birth (P> 0.05). The tobacco exposure was between 16 and 20 cigarettes per day Pregnant women’s children in the neonatal and postnatal 1 year old, 2-year-old lung tidal volume compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P> 0.05), the peak time compared with the control group was significantly lower (P <0.05). Infants with more than 20 cigarettes per day during the first trimester of pregnancy had significantly fewer episodes of wheezing and lower respiratory tract infections within 3 years after birth than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Tobacco exposure during pregnancy has a negative impact on lung function of offspring, which mainly affects the function of small airways and may lead to the rise of postpartum wheezing and lower respiratory tract infections.