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本文的主旨不在于重新研究历代的屯田制度,而是尝试在前人研究的基础上,从环境史的角度来探讨屯田活动的意义,也就是强调屯田活动与环境的互动。本文只以清代新疆作为讨论的重点。本文的主体分为四节。第一节将以王希隆整理的清代新疆各类屯田的数据为基础,用地理信息系统来呈现屯田在时间与空间上分布的变化;第二节将从财产权的观点来看屯田制度;第三节将叙述屯田造成的人为景观;第四节将透过1842年林则徐及1917年谢彬到新疆途中的见闻来看新疆的地貌(landscape),藉以探索环境变化的一些蛛丝马迹。
The purpose of this paper is not to re-study the ancient system of Mita, but to try to explore the significance of Mita activities from the perspective of environmental history based on previous studies, that is, to emphasize the interaction between Mita activities and the environment. This article only takes Qing Dynasty Xinjiang as the focus of discussion. The main body of this article is divided into four sections. The first section will be based on the data collected by Wang Hilong in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty various types of Tuntian data based on geographic information system to show the distribution of Tuntian in time and space changes in the second quarter from the perspective of property rights Tuntian system; third The fourth section will look at the landscape of Xinjiang through Lin Zexu in 1842 and Xie Bin’s journey to Xinjiang in 1917 to explore some clues to environmental changes.