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应用土力学中被太沙基如此成功地运用的观测法给施工过程中及时修改设计提供了可能性,从而常常能达到极大的经济效果和安全保证。本文介绍了这一方法的要点及其应用实例。此法并非没有缺点和局限性。除非设计者对每一个通过观测发现的不利情况应如何对付事先心中有数,就不应用它。观测结果必须是可靠的,能够反映出重要的现象,并且必须能发出明确的警报以便立即采取措施。然而某些逐渐破损的可能性也会给观测结果带来一些严重的不定因素。尽管存在这些局限性,但此法提供的在保证安全的前提下节省时间和资金的潜力是如此之大,以致于每个从事应用土力学的丁程师都应该熟知此法的要点。
The application of the observation method used in soil mechanics that was so successfully used by Taisagi provided the possibility to modify the design in a timely manner in the construction process, so that it can often achieve great economic results and safety guarantees. This article describes the main points of this method and its application examples. This law is not without drawbacks and limitations. Unless the designer has a prior idea of how to deal with every unfavorable situation found through observation, he should not apply it. Observations must be reliable, reflect important phenomena, and must send clear warnings for immediate action. However, the possibility of some gradual damage will also bring some serious uncertainties to the observations. Despite these limitations, the potential for saving time and money under the premise of ensuring safety is so great that every one who is engaged in applying soil mechanics should be familiar with the main points of this method.