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地震时和临震前经常观察到与地球天然电磁场扰动有关的效应。数值达10~3伏特/米的大气电位准稳态扰动和距震中数百公里处电磁辐射强度的增加等与这一效应有关。按野外观测资料,震前几小时内发现了持续1—2小时的大气电位扰动,而在临震前3—4小时连续记到电磁辐射。因此大气电位和电磁辐射扰动可能是实际上已开始的破裂并以主破裂终结过程的短期前兆。这决定了大气电位和电磁扰动在地震预报系统中的特殊意义。我们研究一下扰动源形成的必要过程及其出现的条件。 1.脉冲式扰动的机械电源
Earthquakes and earthquakes are often observed before the Earth’s natural electromagnetic disturbance associated with the effect. The quasi-steady-state disturbance of atmospheric potentials and the increase of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation hundreds of kilometers away from the epicenter, which have a value of 10-3V / m, are related to this effect. According to the field observation data, the atmospheric potential disturbance lasting 1-2 hours was found within a few hours before the earthquake, and the electromagnetic radiation was continuously recorded 3-4 hours before the earthquake. Atmospheric potentials and electromagnetic radiation perturbations may therefore be short-term precursors of the rupture that has actually started and of the termination of the main rupture. This determines the special significance of atmospheric potentials and electromagnetic perturbations in the earthquake prediction system. We study the necessary processes for the formation of disturbance sources and their conditions for emergence. 1. Pulsed disturbance of the mechanical power